The Most Enticing Material
Parrots especially seem to enjoy puncturing paper with their beaks, so paper is probably the easiest material with which to entice a reluctant bird to play. Try these paper concoctions to stimulate your bird’s toy play:

1) Paper balls — Place dozens of wadded paper balls in the cage and food dishes. Put a treat inside some of the balls and not in others. Place some atop the cage to encourage climbing and pulling paper balls through the cage bars.

2) Paper towel or napkin — Lay the paper flat, and roll it into a tight tube from corner to corner. Then tie it like a bandanna in a bow-like shape on to perches and toys. Use a paper towel to wrap a new toy.

3) Adding machine paper — Wrap branches, food dishes and toys with plain adding machine paper.

4) Accordion fans — Fold three or four sheets of paper into an “accordion fan” shape. Weave them between the cage bars next to where the bird likes to sit so that the ends of the fan flare into the bird’s face. Stuff treats between the edges of the sheets of paper at increasingly deeper levels as the bird’s expertise at foraging increases. 

5) Paper covers — Place paper over food dishes so your bird has to knock it off to get the food. If that’s too easy, fasten the paper in place with a little masking tape, and poke holes in the paper to make the cover more interesting and easy to tear. (Whenever food or drink is obstructed in any way, monitor your bird to ensure that it is eating and drinking.)

6) Paper strips — Cut paper strips and weave them between the cage bars. Give your bird a bundle of paper strips to shred. Punch a hole in one end of the paper strips, and hang it with a quick link.

7) Paper shred — Pile clean, shredded, recycled paper (no staples) on top of a dish with dry food. For a bigger toy, use a plain wicker basket or metal cake pan, place small toys and/or treats in the bottom and cover with paper. 

8) Paper twists — Wrap small treats (such as seeds and nuts) in paper, and twist the ends. Adding machine paper is a convenient size to make paper twists. 

9) Paper plates — Place a toy or treat on a flexible paper plate (avoid plastic coatings and Styrofoam), and fold in half. Glue the edge (using nontoxic school glue), or tape the folded plate shut. Punch a hole in the edge and hang.

10) Cups and cones — Make foraging toys with small, unwaxed paper cups or water cones. Place a treat in the cup, crush it and twist the top. This works well with wet food. Punch a hole in the top of the cup to hang from a quick link. Place the cups throughout the cage.

11) “American origami” — Create a hat, boat, airplane or other simple origami paper design. Hide treats in the paper to make them more interesting. Hand them to the bird, put them on the food bowl, or simply place on top of the cage.

More Staying Power
As a parrot becomes accustomed to playing with paper objects, more durable materials may be offered with the paper toys. Although paper is an attractive material to help a reluctant parrot play, birds quickly learn to destroy paper toys and can become bored with toys made exclusively of paper. 

Gradually transition from paper to cardboard to soft wood to hardwood to metal or plastic parts. Continue to combine your bird’s favorite destructible components with more durable materials to make especially appealing toys. Avoid cardboard that has been used to transport food, because produce — and even boxed goods — may have been sprayed with pesticides. 

Toy Phobia
If your pet bird is afraid of toys, try some of these tips:

1) Toy “jewelry” — A parrot can learn that an object is not dangerous if it is worn or played with by a favorite human (or other bird). Keep a lanyard handy, or hang that new toy around your neck with a piece of cord like a pendant for a few days. Examine or manipulate the toy frequently in front of your bird, showing your enthusiasm for it.

2) Competition and “Keep-away” — Parrots are curious by nature, and a toy will be even more interesting if it is hidden or kept separate from the bird.  First wear toy jewelry inside your shirt for a day or two, then gradually reveal more and more of it. Anything in the possession of a person or another bird is especially interesting, as parrots retain the instinct to compete (for food, mates and nest sites) from their wild predecessors. 

3) "Into The Cage" — Parrots can be quite focused on trying to pull objects into the cage. A new toy may be most attractive if it is unreachable during unsupervised time or if it is hung on the outside the cage. A toy hung between two cages can be very appealing — especially if one of the birds is accustomed to toy play — and the birds can jointly “attack,” compete for or play tug-of-war with the toy. 

Provide Opportunities To Make Successful Decisions
One of the best ways to stimulate interest is to construct a toy as your bird looks on. Assembling toys in front of the bird is a dynamic combination of the principles of modeling use (showing the bird what to do), safety (demonstrating that the toy is not dangerous) and competition (you have to keep the toy away long enough from your bird to complete it).

The concept of modeling can be used to teach toy play to a companion parrot if humans try to assemble a puzzle within the bird’s reach. Buy a nice, clean, inexpensive jigsaw puzzle (also buy a lead test kit, available at hardware and home-improvement stores, to ensure the puzzle and similar items do not contain lead). Sit with your back to the bird's cage, open the cage door so that the bird can climb out onto the table, and then try to put the puzzle together.

Turn the pieces picture-side up and start fitting them together. You are demonstrating to the pet bird that these little odd-shaped pieces are safe and interesting. Because your back is to the cage, you are also implying with body language that these little pieces are for you and not for the bird. This “keep-away” process should make the activity doubly appealing to a curious parrot. Of course, if this technique is successful, the puzzle will be destroyed.